Undergraduate Participation in Paid and Unpaid Internships by Income Level

Participation in paid and unpaid work by adults with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE To define determinants of participation in paid and unpaid work by adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS A survey was designed in consultation with working age (< 65 yrs) adults with RA and sent to 269 patients recruited through 5 rheumatology practices. Hours worked "last week" was the measure of participation in employment and unpaid work (household, home maintenance, car...

Statistical Analysis of Time Spent on Unpaid and Paid Work

Commitment with or without a stick of paid work: Comparison of paid and unpaid workers in a nonprofit organization

The aim of this study is to investigate whether nonpaid volunteers have other reasons to be a member of an organization than paid workers. Volunteers are assumed to be hard to manage, because there is no ‘‘stick of a paid contract’’ to keep them in line. Therefore, we studied different dimensions (i.e., affective, normative, and continuance) of organizational commitment of volunteers and paid w...

Collusion. Mapping the Interplay between Paid and Unpaid Labourers in the Digital Games Industry [Abstract]

The basic premise of this paper is the notion that computer game production can be conceptualised as a game played among various players, on a heterogeneous and distributed playing field, and according to rules which are subject to constant changes. The playing field on which digital games production takes place can be regarded as structurally analogous to the gamespace of digital games themsel...

proficiency level and factors fostering reticence in efl learners

according to cheng (1999), in recent esl/efl literature, asian (especially east asian) learners of english as a foreign/second language have been arguably reported as reticent and passive learners. the most common allegations are that these students are reluctant to participate in classroom discourse; they are unwilling to give responses; they do not ask questions; and they are passive and over...